Candidiasis
Also called: Yeast Infections, Moniliasis
Candida is the scientific name for yeast. It is a fungus that lives almost everywhere, including in your body. Usually, your immune system keeps yeast under control. If you are sick or taking antibiotics, it can multiply and cause an infection.
Burn wound infections
Burns are one of the most common and devastating forms of trauma. Patients with serious thermal injury require immediate specialized care in order to minimize morbidity and mortality. Significant thermal injuries induce a state of immunosuppression that predisposes burn patients to infectious complications.
Botulism
Botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The bacterium may enter the body through wounds, or they may live in improperly canned or preserved food.
Amebiasis
Amebiasis is an intestinal illness that’s typically transmitted when someone eats or drinks something that’s contaminated with a microscopic parasite called Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica). The parasite is an amoeba, a single-celled organism. That’s how the illness got its name — amebiasis.
Actinomycosis
Actinomycosis is a subacute-to-chronic bacterial infection caused by filamentous, gram-positive, anaerobic-to-microaerophilic bacteria that are not acid fast. It is characterized by contiguous spread, suppurative and granulomatous inflammation, and formation of multiple abscesses and sinus tracts that may discharge sulfur granules. The most common clinical forms of actinomycosis are cervicofacial (ie, lumpy jaw), thoracic, and abdominal. In women, pelvic actinomycosis is possible.
Acinetobacter
Acinetobacter is a Gram-negative bacterium that is readily found throughout the environment including drinking and surface waters, soil, sewage and various types of foods. Acinetobacter is also commonly found as a harmless coloniser on the skin of healthy people and usually poses very few risks.
Acinetobacter infections acquired in the community are very rare and most strains found outside hospitals are sensitive to antibiotics. While Acinetobacter poses few risks to healthy individuals, a few species, particularly Acinetobacter baumannii, can cause serious infections - mainly in very ill hospital patients. The most common Acinetobacter infections include pneumonia, bacteraemia (blood stream infection), wound infections, and urinary tract infections. ‘Hospital-adapted’ strains of Acinetobacter are sometimes resistant to antibiotics and are increasingly difficult to treat.
Treatment: Multi-resistant A. baumannii infections are currently treated with imipenem and an older class of drugs known as polymyxins. These, along with stricter infection-control measures, such as monitored hand washing, have lowered infection rates in some military hospitals.
MDRAB infections are difficult and costly to treat. A study at a public teaching hospital found that the mean total hospital cost of patients who acquired MDRAB was $98,575 higher than that of control patients who had identical burn severity of illness indices.
Acanthamoeba
The free-living amoebae that cause human infections include Acanthamoeba, Naegleria, Balamuthia mandrillaris, and Sappinia diploidea. All 4 genera cause CNS infections that are frequently fatal. These amoebae are distinct from other pathogenic protozoa. They all have a free-living existence, have no human carrier state (which is important in disease transmission), have a limited relationship with the spread of infection and poor sanitation, and have no insect vector.
Undescended testicle
Early diagnosis and management of the undescended testicle are needed to preserve fertility and improve early detection of testicular malignancy.
Pituitary tumor
A pituitary tumor is an abnormal growth in the pituitary gland, the part of the brain that regulates the body’s balance of hormones.
Fibroid tumor
Fibroid tumor: A fibroid is the most common tumor (abnormal mass of tissue) found in the pelvis. Such a tumor develops most often between the ages of 35 and 45 years, seldom before age 20. Fibroids do not occur at all before puberty. After a woman completes menopause, they generally stop growing and may even disappear.